To hydrolyze **500 g of BMK Glycidic Acid Sodium Salt** (a precursor to phenyl-2-propanone, or P2P) with **phosphoric acid**, the following factors are critical for achieving a high conversion rate and yield of P2P:
### General Reaction Overview:
The hydrolysis of BMK Glycidic Acid Sodium Salt with **85% phosphoric acid** works by converting the glycidic acid salt into P2P. To maximize conversion, maintaining proper ratios of water and acid, controlled reaction conditions, and ensuring complete hydrolysis are crucial.
### Step-by-Step Breakdown:
#### 1. **Dissolution of BMK Glycidic Acid Sodium Salt in Water**:
- Dissolve the **500 g of BMK Glycidic Acid Sodium Salt** in **boiling water** before introducing it to the acid.
- You need enough water to fully dissolve the sodium salt but not so much that it dilutes the reaction unnecessarily.
##### How Much Water to Use:
- A **1:1 ratio** of **BMK Glycidic Acid Sodium Salt to water** by weight is often sufficient for dissolution.
- Therefore, dissolve the **500 g** of sodium salt in about **500 mL of boiling water**. This ensures it dissolves fully and can be easily introduced to the acid.
#### 2. **Phosphoric Acid Reaction**:
- You will need **85% phosphoric acid** in the reaction flask to hydrolyze the dissolved BMK Glycidic Acid Sodium Salt. The phosphoric acid works to break the epoxide ring of the glycidic acid, converting it to P2P.
##### How Much Phosphoric Acid to Use:
- Use **500–600 mL** of **85% phosphoric acid** in the reaction flask. This will provide enough acid to drive the reaction forward while maintaining an efficient conversion rate.
- You want a slight excess of acid (by volume) compared to the sodium salt solution to ensure full hydrolysis.
#### 3. **Reaction Procedure**:
- **Set up a dropping funnel** to allow the **BMK Glycidic Acid Sodium Salt solution** (dissolved in boiling water) to drip slowly into the boiling phosphoric acid.
- The dripping should be **slow and controlled** to avoid rapid reactions or splattering.
##### Reaction Conditions:
- The **reaction temperature** should be kept between **100°C and 120°C** for optimal conversion.
- Allow the solution to drip over the course of **1–2 hours**, maintaining a **steady boiling** of the phosphoric acid.
- **Stir continuously** to ensure even mixing and prevent localized overheating or incomplete reaction.
#### 4. **Post-Reaction**:
- After all the sodium salt solution has been added to the phosphoric acid, continue heating the mixture at **100–120°C** for another **1–2 hours** to ensure complete conversion.
- Once the reaction is complete, allow the mixture to cool and perform a **steam distillation** to separate the P2P from the reaction mixture.
### Yield and Conversion Optimization:
- To ensure the **highest yield** of P2P, it's important to control the reaction temperature and ensure the **BMK Glycidic Acid Sodium Salt is added slowly** to the acid. This prevents decomposition or side reactions.
- Following the reaction, perform a **thorough steam distillation** to recover the P2P, followed by proper **purification** (e.g., drying and vacuum distillation) to maximize yield.
### Conclusion:
To hydrolyze **500 g of BMK Glycidic Acid Sodium Salt**, dissolve it in about **500 mL of boiling water**, and drip the solution slowly into **500–600 mL of 85% phosphoric acid** heated to **100–120°C**. Allow the reaction to continue for a total of **3–4 hours** (including the drip time), and then perform steam distillation to obtain the maximum yield of P2P.
The theoretical yield of P2P from 500 g of **BMK Glycidic Acid Sodium Salt** can be estimated based on the molecular weights and assuming complete conversion. Let’s break it down:
### Molar Masses:
- **BMK Glycidic Acid Sodium Salt** (C10H9NaO3): Approx. 204 g/mol
- **P2P** (Phenyl-2-Propanone, C9H10O): Approx. 134 g/mol
### Conversion:
- For every 1 mole of BMK Glycidic Acid Sodium Salt, you should theoretically produce 1 mole of P2P, assuming 100% conversion.
### Calculation:
1. **Moles of BMK Glycidic Acid Sodium Salt**:
- 500 g of BMK Glycidic Acid Sodium Salt ÷ 204 g/mol = **2.45 moles** of BMK Glycidic Acid Sodium Salt
2. **Theoretical Yield of P2P**:
- Since the reaction is a **1:1 molar ratio**, the amount of P2P produced will be the same number of moles as the BMK Glycidic Acid Sodium Salt.
- 2.45 moles of P2P × 134 g/mol = **328.3 g** of P2P
### Density of P2P:
- The density of P2P is approximately **1.01 g/mL**.
### Volume of P2P:
- **328.3 g of P2P ÷ 1.01 g/mL** = **approximately 325 mL of pure P2P**.
### Expected Yield:
- In practice, the yield will likely be somewhat less than the theoretical maximum due to inefficiencies and side reactions.
- Assuming a reasonable **80-90% yield**, you can expect to obtain **260–295 mL of P2P**.
### Conclusion:
From 500 g of BMK Glycidic Acid Sodium Salt, you should theoretically obtain around **325 mL of pure P2P**, but in practice, a yield of **260–295 mL** is more realistic, depending on how well the reaction and purification steps are performed.
This method gave me the most yield from all the conversions explained on this forum!
Try it and see for yourselfs!
### General Reaction Overview:
The hydrolysis of BMK Glycidic Acid Sodium Salt with **85% phosphoric acid** works by converting the glycidic acid salt into P2P. To maximize conversion, maintaining proper ratios of water and acid, controlled reaction conditions, and ensuring complete hydrolysis are crucial.
### Step-by-Step Breakdown:
#### 1. **Dissolution of BMK Glycidic Acid Sodium Salt in Water**:
- Dissolve the **500 g of BMK Glycidic Acid Sodium Salt** in **boiling water** before introducing it to the acid.
- You need enough water to fully dissolve the sodium salt but not so much that it dilutes the reaction unnecessarily.
##### How Much Water to Use:
- A **1:1 ratio** of **BMK Glycidic Acid Sodium Salt to water** by weight is often sufficient for dissolution.
- Therefore, dissolve the **500 g** of sodium salt in about **500 mL of boiling water**. This ensures it dissolves fully and can be easily introduced to the acid.
#### 2. **Phosphoric Acid Reaction**:
- You will need **85% phosphoric acid** in the reaction flask to hydrolyze the dissolved BMK Glycidic Acid Sodium Salt. The phosphoric acid works to break the epoxide ring of the glycidic acid, converting it to P2P.
##### How Much Phosphoric Acid to Use:
- Use **500–600 mL** of **85% phosphoric acid** in the reaction flask. This will provide enough acid to drive the reaction forward while maintaining an efficient conversion rate.
- You want a slight excess of acid (by volume) compared to the sodium salt solution to ensure full hydrolysis.
#### 3. **Reaction Procedure**:
- **Set up a dropping funnel** to allow the **BMK Glycidic Acid Sodium Salt solution** (dissolved in boiling water) to drip slowly into the boiling phosphoric acid.
- The dripping should be **slow and controlled** to avoid rapid reactions or splattering.
##### Reaction Conditions:
- The **reaction temperature** should be kept between **100°C and 120°C** for optimal conversion.
- Allow the solution to drip over the course of **1–2 hours**, maintaining a **steady boiling** of the phosphoric acid.
- **Stir continuously** to ensure even mixing and prevent localized overheating or incomplete reaction.
#### 4. **Post-Reaction**:
- After all the sodium salt solution has been added to the phosphoric acid, continue heating the mixture at **100–120°C** for another **1–2 hours** to ensure complete conversion.
- Once the reaction is complete, allow the mixture to cool and perform a **steam distillation** to separate the P2P from the reaction mixture.
### Yield and Conversion Optimization:
- To ensure the **highest yield** of P2P, it's important to control the reaction temperature and ensure the **BMK Glycidic Acid Sodium Salt is added slowly** to the acid. This prevents decomposition or side reactions.
- Following the reaction, perform a **thorough steam distillation** to recover the P2P, followed by proper **purification** (e.g., drying and vacuum distillation) to maximize yield.
### Conclusion:
To hydrolyze **500 g of BMK Glycidic Acid Sodium Salt**, dissolve it in about **500 mL of boiling water**, and drip the solution slowly into **500–600 mL of 85% phosphoric acid** heated to **100–120°C**. Allow the reaction to continue for a total of **3–4 hours** (including the drip time), and then perform steam distillation to obtain the maximum yield of P2P.
The theoretical yield of P2P from 500 g of **BMK Glycidic Acid Sodium Salt** can be estimated based on the molecular weights and assuming complete conversion. Let’s break it down:
### Molar Masses:
- **BMK Glycidic Acid Sodium Salt** (C10H9NaO3): Approx. 204 g/mol
- **P2P** (Phenyl-2-Propanone, C9H10O): Approx. 134 g/mol
### Conversion:
- For every 1 mole of BMK Glycidic Acid Sodium Salt, you should theoretically produce 1 mole of P2P, assuming 100% conversion.
### Calculation:
1. **Moles of BMK Glycidic Acid Sodium Salt**:
- 500 g of BMK Glycidic Acid Sodium Salt ÷ 204 g/mol = **2.45 moles** of BMK Glycidic Acid Sodium Salt
2. **Theoretical Yield of P2P**:
- Since the reaction is a **1:1 molar ratio**, the amount of P2P produced will be the same number of moles as the BMK Glycidic Acid Sodium Salt.
- 2.45 moles of P2P × 134 g/mol = **328.3 g** of P2P
### Density of P2P:
- The density of P2P is approximately **1.01 g/mL**.
### Volume of P2P:
- **328.3 g of P2P ÷ 1.01 g/mL** = **approximately 325 mL of pure P2P**.
### Expected Yield:
- In practice, the yield will likely be somewhat less than the theoretical maximum due to inefficiencies and side reactions.
- Assuming a reasonable **80-90% yield**, you can expect to obtain **260–295 mL of P2P**.
### Conclusion:
From 500 g of BMK Glycidic Acid Sodium Salt, you should theoretically obtain around **325 mL of pure P2P**, but in practice, a yield of **260–295 mL** is more realistic, depending on how well the reaction and purification steps are performed.
This method gave me the most yield from all the conversions explained on this forum!
Try it and see for yourselfs!