Estrazione di efedrina dalle piante

G.Patton

Expert
Joined
Jul 5, 2021
Messages
2,958
Solutions
3
Reaction score
3,330
Points
113
Deals
1

Introduction

B6y3MUhu1k
Ephedrine was found in the Chinese "Ma-huang" or Ephedra sinica Stapf plant, made from various species of ephedra, by Nagai in 1887. It has two chiral centers so that four configurationally isomeric ephedrines exist. The two naturally occurring ephedrines differ in the configuration of the secondary alcohol group.

There are two methods of Ephedrine extraction. First one was taken from German patent and allow getting Ephedrine hydrochloride with high purity grade. This method is suitable for laboratory manufacturing more than for kitchen home lab. Second one is simple extraction method with ethanol and naphtha, which give quite dirty free base of ephedrine. Nevertheless, simple method may be carried out at home garage and product may be purified with recrystallization as in first method.

Equipment and glassware:
  • 1000 mL x2; 250 ml x2 Beakers
  • 100 mL x5; Erlenmeyer flasks;
  • Glass rod;
  • Glass column (d = 2.5 cm or wider, l = 70 cm);
  • Cotton ball;
  • 500 mL round bottom flask;
  • Rotary evaporator;
  • 500 ml Separating funnel;
  • Conventional funnel;
  • Filter paper;
  • Hydrogen chloride gas production apparatus;
  • Büchner funnel and flask;
  • Water-jet aspirator;
  • Laboratory scale (0.1 — 100 g is suitable);
  • Spatula.
Reagents:
  • Ephedra sinica Stapf 100 g;
    VHktseoQzg
  • Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) 50 g;
  • Distilled water, 150 mL;
  • Dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) ~1500 mL;
  • Diethyl ether 50 mL;
  • Hydrochloric acid 150 mL (HCl 0.5 N);
  • Potassium carbonate (K2CO3) 50 g;
  • Sodium hydroxide aq. solution (NaOH 1 N) ~100 mL;
  • Sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) or magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) ~100 g;
  • Acetone 30 mL;
  • Methanol (MeOH) ~10 mL;
  • Activated charcoal (optional) ~1 g;
DH20t7fONS


Soluble in H2O 47.62 g/L (25 ºC), alcohol, ether, chloroform, and oils;
Boiling Point: 255 °C at 760 mm Hg (free base);
Melting Point freebase: 37-39 ̊C;
Melting point HCI salt: 187-188 ̊C;
Molecular Weight: 165.236 g/mole;
Density: 1.124 g/cm3 (20 °C);
CAS Number: 299-42-3 (free base) and 50-98-6 (hydrochloride salt).


L-ephedrine hydrochloride from ephedra herb [50-98-6] C10H15NO HCl

Determination of content (optional):
5 g of ground ephedra herb are mixed with 2 g of sodium carbonate and 7 mL of water and left to stand at room temperature for 3 hours. The mixture is treated three times with 50 ml of dichloromethane and stirred for at least 2 hours each time. The extract is pipetted off in each case. The organic phase is evaporated under vacuum (at 40 °C to 1 ml). After adding 20 mL of diethyl ether, it is extracted four times with 20 mL of 0.5 N hydrochloric acid, each time.

The combined hydrochloric acid phases are washed twice with 20 ml of ether, each time. After neutralization with 1 N sodium hydroxide solution (pH 7.5-8), it is extracted three times with 40 ml of dichloromethane and concentrated. The residue is taken up in 10 ml of water, and 3 ml of 0.1 N sodium hydroxide solution and 10 ml of 0.1 N I2/KI solution are added. The solution is stirred with gentle warming for 30 minutes. It is then carefully acidified with diluted HCl and a few drops of starch solution are added. The excess iodine is titrated with 0.1 N sodium thiosulphate solution until the color changes from blue to colorless.

Extraction procedure:
1.
100 g of powdered ephedra herb is added to a solution of 50 g of sodium carbonate in 150 ml of water in a 1000 ml beaker, mixed with a glass rod and left to stand for at least 2 hours.

2. A glass column (d = 2.5 cm or wider, l = 70 cm) is filled one third with dichloromethane and then filled in portions with the drug pulp. The drug should settle in the column without any air bubbles. The drug is covered with a glass cotton ball. (Please note: do not press the column filling too tightly).

3. It is percolated by continuously adding 1000 ml of dichloromethane (about two drops/sec). The percolate is concentrated portionwise in a 500 mL round bottom flask under vacuum to a volume of 5 mL.

4. 30 mL of ether are added to the extract, and it is shaken out three times with 50 ml of 0.5 N hydrochloric acid each time.

5. The combined hydrochloric acid extracts are filtered into a 500 ml separating funnel through a funnel with a pleated filter containing 50 g of potassium carbonate (add carefully). It must be filtered through carbonate slowly enough that the solution no longer reacts acidically (otherwise add carbonate). The carbonate is first rinsed with the methylene chloride for the extraction.

6. In this, the solution is shaken out four times with 75 ml of dichloromethane each time.

7. The combined organic phases are dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in portions in a 250 ml flask on a rotary evaporator. The resulting yellow-orange oil is taken up in a mixture of 20 ml of diethyl ether and 20 ml of dichloromethane.

8. Dried hydrogen chloride gas is introduced into this solution. The apparatus for HCl generation consists of a multi-necked round-bottom flask with a stirrer, which is charged with sodium chloride and sulfuric acid (from a dropping funnel). To dry it, the gas is again passed through a washing bottle with a sodium chloride and sulfuric acid. The introduction into the alkaloid solution takes place with a Pasteur pipette. Empty safety washing bottles are installed in mirror image between all vessels so that no mixing can occur even if solutions are accidentally sucked back (see figure below). The excess gas is fed into a wash bottle with 10% NaOH solution (vent!).

[G.Patton note: You, probably, can substitute these 8-9 steps with addition of HCl conc. solution until precipitate stop forming. After, neutralize solution by NaOH aq solution to pH 7. Evaporate water under vacuum with minimum heating to get crystals.]
1uo7pCQeXA
9. After about 5 minutes, an off-white precipitate of alkaloid hydrochlorides forms. The supply of hydrogen chloride is stopped, and all hose connections are disconnected from to prevent the liquids from being sucked back.

10. The alkaloid mixture is filtered off using a Büchner funnel.

11. About 30 ml of acetone are added to a 250 ml beaker and the mixture is heated on a water bath while adding methanol (about 10 ml) in portions until residue has completely dissolved.

12. A spatula tip of activated charcoal is added, boiled and the hot solution filtered. Just enough acetone is added to the still hot filtrate until the crystals begin to precipitate.

13. The mother liquor is carefully pipetted off the product, which precipitates on cooling (at least 6 hours); the crystals are washed with a little acetone and air dried.

If there is still no TLC-uniform product, the product is dissolved in 15 times the amount of methanol, treated with 100 times the amount of acetone and recrystallized at about 4 °C overnight.

Second (simplified) extraction way to Ephedrine free base

Equipment and glassware:

  • Pyrex pots ~750 mL x2;
  • Heating plate (or stove);
  • Filter with filter paper;
  • Sponge cake pan, 2.5 cm deep.

Reagents:

  • Ephedra sinica Stapf;
  • Ethyl alcohol (EtOH) ~2.25 L;
  • 750 mL Naphtha.
1st step:
a) Fine powder placed in a four quart Pyrex pot, about 750 mL of ethyl alcohol (EtOH) to cover the powder. For this process, use Ever Clear from local spirit hut. The pot and alcohol to be warmed at ~32 °C (don’t bring to boil as it will destroy the Ephedrine). After allowing to steep for 10 minutes, remove the pot from the stove.

b) After 15 minutes filter the mush through a #15 gold filter with a coffee filter inside the gold filter (you can use a laboratory glass funnel or another filter sieve) then set the mush aside.

c) The filtered solution is poured into a 2.5 cm deep sponge cake pan covered with cheese cloth and allow to dry. Allow the solution to dry for 12 hours, leaving only a fine white powder (which shows to be 70% Ephedrine and 30% misc, mostly oils that the alcohol couldn’t break down).

2nd step:
a)
Same as before, placed it in a four quart Pyrex pot. To the pot add 750 mL Naphtha, shake it vigorously 5-10 min and let it soak for three days.

b) Filter the mush the same way as above. Set the Naphtha solution aside for the second batch. Allow the mush to dry for three days.

c) Transfer the mush to a fresh Pyrex and cover with 750 mL ethyl alcohol, shake it vigorously 5-10 min and allow soaking for two days. Filter the mush, as you already know how to mark the solution “A” so that you can recognize it later.

d) Then place mush back in Pyrex and cover with another 750 mL ethanole this time, shake it vigorously 5-10 min and allow soaking for one day filter as you know how and then trash.

e) Now combine the second solution with the first into a 2.5 cm sponge cake pan to dry. Dry it for one day, leaving behind fine white powder.

Result 99% (not approved) Ephedrine free base, so total of Ephedrine extracted from 453 g of Ma Huang is 9.6 grams.
 
Last edited:

PossumKid

Don't buy from me
New Member
Joined
Mar 17, 2022
Messages
14
Reaction score
8
Points
3
Accidenti. Grazie per questo articolo. Mi dà una buona ragione per fare un salto al negozio locale di MTC e magari far fare un po' di lavoro al mio soxhlet.
 

yuiopjkl

Don't buy from me
Resident
Language
🇺🇸
Joined
Mar 14, 2022
Messages
77
Reaction score
47
Points
18
Cosa si può usare al posto della nafta?
 

G.Patton

Expert
Joined
Jul 5, 2021
Messages
2,958
Solutions
3
Reaction score
3,330
Points
113
Deals
1
Si possono provare altri solventi non polari come esano, cicloesano, ottano, eptano, pentano. Sono adatti.
 

yuiopjkl

Don't buy from me
Resident
Language
🇺🇸
Joined
Mar 14, 2022
Messages
77
Reaction score
47
Points
18
Grazie per la risposta.

È questa la polvere finale?

E come posso ricavarne metanfetamina?
 

G.Patton

Expert
Joined
Jul 5, 2021
Messages
2,958
Solutions
3
Reaction score
3,330
Points
113
Deals
1
http://bbzzzsvqcrqtki6umym6itiixfhni37ybtt7mkbjyxn2pgllzxf2qgyd.onion/index.php?threads/methamphetamine-from-ephedrine-tablets.302/
 

yuiopjkl

Don't buy from me
Resident
Language
🇺🇸
Joined
Mar 14, 2022
Messages
77
Reaction score
47
Points
18
Posso usare il cherosene?
 

G.Patton

Expert
Joined
Jul 5, 2021
Messages
2,958
Solutions
3
Reaction score
3,330
Points
113
Deals
1
Sì, ma assicuratevi che non ci siano altre sostanze.
 

Needtolearn

Don't buy from me
New Member
Joined
Mar 27, 2022
Messages
43
Reaction score
16
Points
8
qualcuno ha un link che vende questa polvere?
 

yuiopjkl

Don't buy from me
Resident
Language
🇺🇸
Joined
Mar 14, 2022
Messages
77
Reaction score
47
Points
18
Ho fatto questo metodo.

Quando l'alcol inizia a evaporare, vedo una polvere bianca.

Ma quando l'ho lasciato asciugare, ho trovato molti oli.
Resa: 10% efedrina, 90% olio.

Qualche consiglio?
 

G.Patton

Expert
Joined
Jul 5, 2021
Messages
2,958
Solutions
3
Reaction score
3,330
Points
113
Deals
1
Bisogna raffreddarlo in frigorifero, poi prendere una forchetta o qualcosa di simile e strofinare il fondo del piatto di pirex con l'olio. Lo sfregamento permette di ottenere immediatamente i cristalli perché si creano i centri di cristallizzazione. Realizzare il tutto con la soluzione raffreddata.
 
Last edited by a moderator:

yuiopjkl

Don't buy from me
Resident
Language
🇺🇸
Joined
Mar 14, 2022
Messages
77
Reaction score
47
Points
18
Intendi dire che faccio evaporare la soluzione fino a metà e poi la metto in frigorifero in modo che lo strato di oli si raccolga sopra e poi la smaltisco?
 

G.Patton

Expert
Joined
Jul 5, 2021
Messages
2,958
Solutions
3
Reaction score
3,330
Points
113
Deals
1
no, ho dato consigli per la realizzazione di cristalli nella situazione attuale, l'istruzione in argomento è corretta
 

smdoukeyi

Don't buy from me
Resident
Language
🇬🇧
Joined
Jun 13, 2023
Messages
23
Reaction score
3
Points
3
Patton, posso chiederti se nel secondo metodo con l'etanolo, la sostanza messa nella pentola di vetro resistente al calore da quattro litri nel secondo passaggio è la polvere di efedra o la poltiglia messa da parte nel primo passaggio?
 
View previous replies…

smdoukeyi

Don't buy from me
Resident
Language
🇬🇧
Joined
Jun 13, 2023
Messages
23
Reaction score
3
Points
3
Tuttavia, durante l'evaporazione dell'alcol, ho usato un riscaldamento a circa 50°C e ho diretto un ventilatore verso la soluzione per accelerare l'evaporazione. Questo avrebbe avuto un qualche impatto?
 

G.Patton

Expert
Joined
Jul 5, 2021
Messages
2,958
Solutions
3
Reaction score
3,330
Points
113
Deals
1
Siete sicuri di aver estratto esattamente questa pianta? Il riscaldamento non influisce su questo aspetto. Probabilmente questo olio contiene efedrina, che deve essere estratta e purificata con manipolazioni aggiuntive.
 

yuiopjkl

Don't buy from me
Resident
Language
🇺🇸
Joined
Mar 14, 2022
Messages
77
Reaction score
47
Points
18
puoi spiegare meglio:
Raffreddare la soluzione (che è composta al 90% da oli) a quale temperatura?

Quando si agita, l'olio si separa dall'efedrina?

Si agita quando tutto l'etanolo è evaporato?
 

G.Patton

Expert
Joined
Jul 5, 2021
Messages
2,958
Solutions
3
Reaction score
3,330
Points
113
Deals
1
~2-5 deg. C.
sì, penso che sarebbe meglio fare
corretto, con lo sfregamento
 

Microogata

Don't buy from me
Resident
Joined
May 2, 2022
Messages
9
Reaction score
6
Points
3
Grazie mille per queste informazioni. Mi chiedevo dove poter mettere le mani su questa pianta di Efedra (o Ma-Huang)?
Pensi che Alibaba sia una buona fonte da cui acquistarla (dato che proviene dalla Cina)? https://www.alibaba.com/trade/search? fsb=y&IndexArea=product_en&CatId=&SearchText=ma-huang
 

cesc

Don't buy from me
New Member
Joined
Feb 25, 2023
Messages
7
Reaction score
2
Points
1
Salve, ho acquistato quasi 1 kg su Xina, forse potrei aiutarvi.
 

G.Patton

Expert
Joined
Jul 5, 2021
Messages
2,958
Solutions
3
Reaction score
3,330
Points
113
Deals
1
Non ne sono sicuro. Dipende dalle leggi del vostro Paese e dai servizi doganali.
 
Last edited by a moderator:

raw

Don't buy from me
New Member
Joined
Jun 7, 2022
Messages
12
Reaction score
5
Points
3
Quando finisco senza polvere ma con l'olio. Posso passare direttamente da questo olio alla metanfetamina tramite la reazione Hi/P? E posso usare il toluene come solvente per estrarre l'efedrina dalle piante?
 

G.Patton

Expert
Joined
Jul 5, 2021
Messages
2,958
Solutions
3
Reaction score
3,330
Points
113
Deals
1
Avete provato a cristallizzare l'olio congelandolo e strofinandolo (strofinando il fondo con una bacchetta di vetro)? È possibile, se si è sicuri che si tratti di efedrina.
Si può provare. Ma non ne sono sicuro.
 
Last edited by a moderator:
Top